Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study a. | flowering. | b. | gamete formation. | c. | the inheritance
of traits. | d. | cross-pollination. | | |
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2.
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Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are a. | not inherited by
offspring. | b. | inherited through the passing of factors from parents to
offspring. | c. | determined by dominant factors only. | d. | determined by
recessive factors only. | | |
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3.
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When
Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants
inherited a. | an allele for
tallness from each parent. | b. | an allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for
shortness from the short parent. | c. | an allele for shortness from each
parent. | d. | an allele from only the tall parent. | | |
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4.
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The
principle of dominance states that a. | all alleles are dominant. | b. | all alleles are
recessive. | c. | some alleles are dominant and others are
recessive. | d. | alleles are neither dominant nor
recessive. | | |
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5.
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When
Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring
were tall because a. | the allele for
tall plants is recessive. | b. | the allele for short plants is
dominant. | c. | the allele for tall plants is
dominant. | d. | they were true-breeding like their
parents. | | |
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6.
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A
tall plant is crossed with a short plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to
self-pollinate, a. | the offspring
will be of medium height. | b. | all of the offspring will be tall. | c. | all of the
offspring will be short. | d. | some of the offspring will be tall, and some will be
short. | | |
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7.
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In
the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the
F2 generation because a. | some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried
the allele for shortness. | b. | the allele for shortness is dominant. | c. | the allele for
shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced
gametes. | d. | they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an
allele for tallness from the other parent. | | |
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8.
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In
the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. If alleles did not segregate during
gamete formation, a. | all of the
F1 plants would be short. | b. | some of the F1 plants would be tall and some would
be short. | c. | all of the F2 would be
short. | d. | all of the F2 plants would be
tall. | | |
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9.
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When
you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
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10.
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Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to
be a. | hybrid. | b. | homozygous. | c. | heterozygous. | d. | dominant. | | |
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Figure
11-1
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11.
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In
the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting
from the cross? a. | About half are
expected to be short. | b. | All are expected to be short. | c. | About half are
expected to be tall. | d. | All are expected to be tall. | | |
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12.
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A
Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT a. | all possible results of a genetic
cross. | b. | the genotypes of the offspring. | c. | the alleles in
the gametes of each parent. | d. | the actual results of a genetic
cross. | | |
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13.
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What
principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing
each other’s inheritance? a. | principle of dominance | b. | principle of
independent assortment | c. | principle of probabilities | d. | principle of
segregation | | |
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RrYy | | | |
RY |
Ry |
rY |
ry | | | |
RY |
RRYY |
RRYy |
RrYY |
RrYy | Seed
Shape
R –
round
r –
wrinkled |
RrYy |
Ry
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RRYy |
RRyy |
RrYy |
Rryy |
Seed Color
Y –
yellow
y
– green |
rY
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RrYY |
RrYy |
rrYY |
rrYy | | |
ry |
RrYy |
Rryy |
rrYy |
rryy
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Figure
11-2
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14.
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The
Punnett square in Figure 11-2 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea
color a. | assort
independently. | b. | are linked. | c. | have the same
alleles. | d. | are always homozygous. | | |
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15.
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How
many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose
genotype was RrYY?
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16.
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If a
pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that
is homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different
phenotypes are their offspring expected to show?
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17.
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Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another
allele for that gene are called a. | multiple alleles. | b. | incomplete
dominance. | c. | polygenic inheritance. | d. | multiple
genes. | | |
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18.
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A
cross of a red cow (RR) with a white bull (WW) produces all roan offspring (RRWW). This type of
inheritance is known as a. | incomplete dominance. | b. | polygenic
inheritance. | c. | codominance. | d. | multiple
alleles. | | |
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19.
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Variation in human skin color is a result of a. | incomplete
dominance. | b. | codominance. | c. | polygenic
traits. | d. | multiple alleles. | | |
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20.
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The
number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
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21.
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If an
organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
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22.
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Gametes have a. | homologous chromosomes. | b. | twice the number
of chromosomes found in body cells. | c. | two sets of chromosomes. | d. | one allele for
each gene. | | |
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23.
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Gametes are produced by the process of a. | mitosis. | b. | meiosis. | c. | crossing-over. | d. | replication. | | |
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Figure
11-3
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24.
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What
is shown in Figure 11-3? a. | independent assortment | b. | anaphase I of
meiosis | c. | crossing-over | d. | replication | | |
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25.
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What
happens between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes? a. | Crossing-over
occurs. | b. | Metaphase occurs. | c. | Replication
occurs twice. | d. | Replication does not occur. | | |
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26.
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of a. | diploid
cells. | b. | haploid cells. | c. | 2N daughter
cells. | d. | body cells. | | |
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27.
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Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of a. | two genetically
identical cells. | b. | four genetically different cells. | c. | four genetically
identical cells. | d. | two genetically different cells. | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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28.
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The
plants that Gregor Mendel crossed to produce the F1 generation made up the
____________________ generation.
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29.
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The
different forms of a gene are called ____________________.
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30.
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If
the allele for shortness in pea plants were dominant, all the pea plants in Mendel’s
F1 generation would have been ____________________.
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31.
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____________________ is the likelihood that a particular event will
occur.
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Figure
11-1
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32.
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In
the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-1, the genotypes of the offspring are
____________________.
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33.
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Pea
plants that are TT, ____________________, or tt have different genotypes.
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34.
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When
two heterozygous tall pea plants are crossed, the expected genotype ratio of the offspring is
_________________________.
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35.
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If
pea plants that are homozygous for round, yellow seeds (RRYY) were crossed with pea plants
that are heterozygous for round, yellow seeds (RrYy), the expected phenotype(s) of the
offspring would be _________________________.
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36.
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An
organism’s gametes have ____________________ the number of chromosomes found in the
organism’s body cells.
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Short Answer
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37.
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Define genetics.
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38.
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How
many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to show that
trait?
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39.
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A pea
plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous
for height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how
many are expected to be tall and have yellow seeds?
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40.
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How
many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?
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41.
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What
happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosis?
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Essay
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42.
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A pea
plant with yellow seeds was crossed with a plant with green seeds. The F1 generation
produced plants with yellow seeds. Explain why green seeds reappeared in the F2
generation.
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43.
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You
wish to determine whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or heterozygous for tallness. What cross
should you perform to arrive at your answer? Explain your choice of cross.
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44.
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A
florist wants to guarantee that the seeds she sells will produce only pink-flowered four o’clock
plants. How should she obtain the seeds?
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Other
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Heterozygous
male guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr) are crossed with heterozygous female guinea
pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr). The incomplete Punnett square in Figure 11-4 shows the
expected results from the cross.
BbRr | | | |
BR |
Br |
bR |
br | | | |
BR |
BBRR |
BBRr |
BbRR |
BbRr | Hair
Color
B –
black
b –
white |
BbRr |
Br
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BBRr |
BBrr |
BbRr |
Bbrr |
Hair Texture
R –
rough
r –
smooth |
bR
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BbRR |
BbRr | × |
bbRr | | |
br |
BbRr |
Bbrr |
bbRr |
bbrr
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Figure
11-4
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45.
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Using Tables and Graphs Identify the genotype of the offspring that would be
represented in the square labeled X in Figure 11-4.
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46.
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Using Tables and Graphs Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented in
the square labeled X in Figure 11-4.
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47.
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Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the different phenotypes of the
offspring?
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48.
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Analyzing Data In Figure 11-4, what are the genotypes of the offspring that
have black, rough hair?
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49.
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Calculating What fraction of the offspring in Figure 11-4 would be expected to
have white, smooth hair?
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
11-5
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50.
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Interpreting Graphics In Figure 11-5, what is the genotype of the pink-flowered
snapdragons?
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51.
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Inferring Explain whether the alleles in Figure 11-5 show dominance, incomplete
dominance, or codominance.
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
11-6
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52.
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Inferring If the stages shown in Figure 11-6 are taking place in a female
animal, how many eggs will result from stage G? Explain your answer.
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53.
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Interpreting Graphics List the stages in Figure 11-6 in which the cells are 2N
and those in which the cells are N.
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