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Mr. Hunsaker
Biology II
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1.3.8 Understand how organisms, including cells, use matter and energy to sustain life and that these processes are complez, integrated and regulated.
Unit 10
Ch. 8 Photosynthesis
Describe how energy is transferred and transformed from the Sun to energy -rich molecules during photosynthesis.
- 8-1 Energy and Life
- 8-2 Photosynthesis
- Chloroplast
- Photosynthesis labs -
- 1.Bromothymol Blue Lab - Gold Fish and Hornwart
- 2.VernierLab31A The affects of Light on Photosynthesis
- 8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis p.213-214
Ch. 9 Cellular respiration
Describe how individual cells break down energy-rich molecules to provide energy for cell function
- 9-1 Chemical Pathways - Glycolysis and Fermentation
- Mitochondria
- Cellular respiration labs -
- Vernier Yeast Glucose, Sucrose, Lactose and Starch
- 9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport p.230-232
Describe how organisms sustain life by obtaining, trasporting, transforming releasing and eliminating matter and energy.
- Compare and Contrast Photosysnthesis and Cellular Respiration-Emphasize the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration within and among organisms in the ecosystem
GLE 1.3.9
Analyze the scientific evidence used to develop the theory of biological evolution and the concepts of natural selection, speciation, adaptation and the biological diversity.
Evidence of Learning
a) Identify or describe the factors that drive natural selection (overproduction of offspring, genetic variability of offspring, finite supply of resources, competition for resources, differential survival)
b) Identify, describe, or explain how natural selection and adaptation lead to organisms well suited for survival in particular environments.
c) Identify or describe the degree of evolutionary relationship between organisms based on biochemical, genetic, anatomical, and/or fossil record similarities and/or differences.
Ch. 15 Darwins Theory of Evolution
- 15-1 The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity
- Darwin was intrigued by the fact that so many plants and animals seemed remarkably well suited to their environment. Pg. 370
- 15-2 Ideas that shape Darwin’s Thinking
- Geological forces move slowing, creating rock layers, mountains, and canyons. The earth is millions of years old. (Hutton) Pg. 374
- If populations grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone (Malthus). Pg. 377
Factors that drive natural selection
- Individual organisms differ from one another. (genetic variability of offspring)
- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. (overproduction of offspring)
- Individuals must compete for resources. (finite supply of resources and competition for resources)
- Because each individual is unique- some have characteristics that are advantages and some have disadvantages.
- Individuals best suited will survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring. (differential survival)
- In this way, populations change over time. Pg. 386
Activities:
Pg. 408 Analyzing Data 16-3
Pg. 453 Quick Lab 18-2
Ch. 17 & 18 Guided Reading
Classification of Organisms handout
- 15-3 Darwin Presents his Case “Natural Selection”
- Natural variation- differences among individuals of a species. Pg 379
- Natural Selection- Overtime, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. Natural selection can only be seen over many successive generations.
- The fossil record provides evidence of natural selection. Layered rocks show the gradual changes in a species over time. Pg. 382-383
- Homologous Body Structures- parts with a different mature form, but develop from the same embryonic tissue. Pg. 384
- Vestigial organs- parts/organs that are reduced in size and seem to serve no function. Pg. 384-385
- Embryonic development- physical similarities between embryos of many species. Pg. 385
- Survival of the Fittest- the key to survival, is how well suited an organism is to its environment. Because each individual is unique, individuals with characteristics that are advantageous for a particular environment will be more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genetic favorability. Individuals that have characteristics that are not well suited will die and leave few offspring. Pg. 380-381
- Adaptation- an inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. Adaptations can be physical, such as sharp quills, or behavioral, such as hunting in groups. Pg. 380
- Genetic variation-
- Mutation- any change in the sequence of DNA.
- Gene shuffling- crossing over during gamete formation (meiosis)
Activities:
BeanPea Population
Breeding Bunnies
Hawk/Mice Lab
Natural Selection/Speciation Project
Natural Selection WASL practice
GLE 1.1.6
Analyze structural, cellular, biochemical, and genetic characteristics in order to determine
the relationships among organisms.
Evidence of Learning
a) Describe or analyze the relationship among organisms based on their shared physical, biochemical, genetic, and cellular characteristics and/or functional processes.
Ch. 18 Classification
- 18-2 Modern Evolutionary Classification
- Evolutionary Classification Pg. 452
- Similarities in DNA and RNA Pg. 454
- 18-3Kingdoms and Domains
- Similarities in cell structure and arrangement (unicellular vs. multicellular) Pg. 458
- How they acquire food (autotroph vs. heterotroph)
- Three Domain System
Ch. 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
- 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case “Natural Selection”
- Homologous structures Pg.384
Ch. 17 The History of Life
1.2.8 Analyze how human organ systems regulate growth, development, and life functions.
Evidence of Learning:
Name the structural and functional characteristics of human organ systems, including the endocrine, immune, nervous, reproductive, and skin systems.
Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health.
Unit 10
Ch. 35 Nervous System
- Levels or Organization
- Homeostasis
- Nuerons
- Nuerotransmitters
- Synapse
· 35-3 Divisons of the Nervous System
o Central
Ø Brain and Spinal Cord
o Peripheral
Ø Somatic and Autonomic
o Vison,
o Hearing and Balance
o Smell and Taste
o Touch
§ 5 Senses Project
- 35-5 Drugs and the Nervous Systems
- Stimulants and Depressant and Opiates
§ Drug Research Presentation
Compare the structure and function of a human body system or subsystem to a nonliving system (human joints to hinges, enzyme and substrate to interlocking puzzle pieces)
Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health.
Ch. 36 Skeletal, Muscular and Integumentary
o The Skeleton
§ Them Bones Activity
o Structure of Bones
o Development of Bones
o Types of Joint
§ Joint Project
o Structure of Joints
· 36-2 The Muscular System
o Types of Muscle Tissue
Ø Skeletal
Ø Smooth
Ø Cardiac
o Muscle Contraction and Control of Muscle Contraction
o How muscles and Bones Interact
· 36-3 The Integumentary System
o The Skin
o Hair and Nails
Describe how the human body maintains constant internal conditions (temperature, acidity, and blood sugar)
Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health.
Ch.37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
- 37-1 The Circulatory System
o Heart
o Blood Vessels
o Blood Pressure
o Blood Disorders
Ø Atherosclerosis
Ø High Blood Pressure
Ø Heart Attack
Ø Strokes
· 37-2 Blood and the Lymphatic System
o Blood Plasma
o Blood Cells
o Lymphatic System
- 37-3 The Respiratory System
o Gas Exchange
o Breathing
o Tobacco and the respiratory
§ Tobacco Lab
§
Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health.
Ch. 38 Digestive and Excretory Systems
- 38-2 The process of Digestion
o The Mouth
Ø Teeth and Saliva
Ø Enzymes
o The Esophagus
Ø Peristalsis
o The Stomach
Ø Mechancial
o Chyme
Ø Chemical
o Enzymes
o Pancreas and Liver
Ø Enzymes
o The Small Intestine
Ø Villi
Ø Enzymes
o The Large Intestine
Ø Absorption
- 38-3 The Excretory System
o Excretion
o The Kidneys
Ø Structure
Ø Filtration
Ø Reabsorption and Secretion
o Kidney Function
Ø Homeostasis
Describe the role of human organ systems during human growth and development.
Ch. 39 Endocrine and Reproductive
- 39-1 The Endocrine System
o Hormones
o Glands
o Hormone Types (Action)
Ø Steroid
Ø Non-Steroid
o Prostaglandins
o Control of the Endocrine System
Ø Controlling Metabolism
Ø Maintaining Water Balance
· 39-2 Human Endocrine Glands
o Pituitary Gland
o Hypothalamus
o Thyroid Gland
o Parathyroid Gland
o Adrenal Glands
o Pancreas
Ø Diabetes
Ø Insulin
Ø Glucagon
o Reproductive Glands
Ø Ovaries and Testes
- 39-3 The Reproductive System
o Sexual Development
o The Male Reproductive System
Ø Scrotum
Ø Seminiferous tubules
Ø Sperm Development
§ Epididymis
§ Vas deferens
§ Urehtra
§ Penis
Ø Sperm Release
o The Female Reproductive System
Ø Egg Development
§ Follicles
Ø Egg Release
§ Ovulation
§ Fallopian Tubes
§ Uterus
§ Vagina
o The Menstrual Cycle
Ø Follicular Phase
Ø Ovulation
Ø Luteal Phase
Ø Menstruation
- 39-4 Fertilization and Development
o Fertilization
o Uterus
Ø Zygote
§ Early Development
§ Implantation
§ Gastrulation
§ Placenta
§ Fetus
§ Amniotic Fluid
§ Umbilical Cord
Explain how human organ systems help maintain human health.
Ch. 40 Immune System and Disease
- 40-2 The Immune System
- First Line of Defense
- Second Line of Defense
- Immune Response
- Antigen
Ø B cells (lymphocytes)
Ø Antibody
Ø T cell (lymphocytes)
Ø Macrophage
§ Guided Notes (Hunsaker)
§ Zone of Inhibition Lab (microbiology)
§ Phylum, Class, Order notes
Gram + or -
Strepo, Staphylo, diplo
Cocci, Bacillus, Spirilia
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